Work With Parents to Meet their Children’s Needs

Work with parents to meet their children’s needs Explain changes which parenthood makes to the lives of parents. Before a child is even born the parents are adapting theirs lives getting ready for it to change into something they can only imagine what it will be like. A process of bonding is their when the child is born, imagining what it would be like to hitting reality of what parenthood is like. Parents have to care for a child in so many ways, teaching them different things and being that role model to live their life good like they have.When a child is able to talk then the parenthood changes again and adapts in other ways from what they have when the child was born. They are faced with questions about their priorities, about how much time they should give to the baby, and how much time to devote to other aspects of life. Parents face all kinds of authority and rules what should be sett for children and learning to make that decision if it is broken.Parents can imagine ho w they could be towards their child, not getting angry or annoyed during different times, setting boundaries and making an image of what they be like when in fact it changes at each stage of child development. As they grow older parents may start to evaluate how they have been in the past, especially due to a child’s behaviour. Changing and figuring out how they want to interpret and answer their children’s questions. Showing what type of knowledge and skills they may have. They compare themselves to other parents, teachers and child care staff to see if they are doing right or wrong or agreeing weather they do it right.The older the child gets the more they realise their child is not them. Parents have to decide when to say yes and when to say no, pressurised into buying them things this happens throughout the ages especially when they are younger. Parents are pressurised into buying children almost anything because they think if they do not do so and make them fit in like everyone else they then label themselves as bad parents which is not the case. They are the decision maker of the child up until their old enough to make them there selves which is another point of pressure for them as the child gets older.Parents lead by example, they can change as much as a child will change but they will only change because their leader has. A child grows all the time and throughout parenthood it changes each day, feeding out of a bottle to eating adult’s meals or nappies to pants. Parenthood is a learning curve to each parent and they are changing all the time to meet the needs of a child. Children enjoy being like everyone else, if someone has a toy they like they automatically need that toy or if someone has a new gadget they have to try then want want want.Some children see it as an offence not to get what they want there and then and this cause’s arguments, crying, behaviour problems, and friction in the relationship. Social networks are a point of call where the parent makes a big decision on letting them use it or not, if they don’t will they go ahead anyway and get into trouble if they don’t know about it or if they let them what happens if bulling happens. Social networking is a rather dangerous place to go and for a parent it’s even scarier because it’s letting the protection of them go a little when they are using the internet of social network sites.Children need their independence and will take pleasure in having this authority but the parent needs to trust their children and loose control a little but also watch them on what they are doing and visualising. Children change through the years of being a child but parents also get older and things start to change depending on the ages of parents some get a lot older and not as clued up as others as to what children get up to in the new generation and some do not let any of them out of their site but as children grow older they become more independent and form new relationships, friendships and move to higher education.From a young age children are left under the care of another adult other than the parent such as play days, nurseries, parties and so many more places, trusting those in their care to look after their child safely and properly is a huge issue parents face every day, as they grow older they are left at primary school, secondary school, college and university then they are left in there own care when they are old enough just because a child has grown into an adult does not mean a parent will change there way of thinking or caring for them if anything it will grow stronger after the years of creating the relationship you have with a child.As children grow older and mix more with other aged children it becomes a worry for parents to know if their child is being bullied at school or college, handling and dealing with the issue is a stressful time because they have to be adult about it and deal with it in a responsible manor.

Native Americans Essay

Thesis Statement: A city of diverse religion, rich history and fast-paced developing economy, Memphis Tennessee continues to gain respect from locals and tourists alike. Introduction: With nearly 700, 00 estimated population; Memphis is Tennessee’s largest city, and the 19th largest city all throughout the United States. With settlements rooted from the early 16th Century, populace number continues to multiply with an interesting collaboration of white, black and Native Americans, even Asians and other races as per demographics. Strategically located at the center of the state, Memphis continues to target commerce from both the shipping and transportation industries. Innovations in infrastructure, interesting grounds for recreation and a home to reputable educational institutions; makes Memphis inviting enough for permanent settlement. 1. History and Geography a. History- Originally inhabited by native American Indians in the 16th Century, settlement around the river had been distracted by a number of explorers, evasion of union forces and presence of epidemics like the yellow fever. Emerging from the uncomplicated Mississippian tribe is a city with vast social, cultural and economic contributions to the state. b. Geography – This city bounded at the south of Tennessee has a humid, subtropical climate with four distinctive seasons. Interesting terrains around the 296. 35 square mile territory include parks all over the city and notable transportation aides like freight railroads. 2. Economy and Government a. Economy – Even before Memphis has been officially founded, it was already hailed as an important location for commerce, exchanges and travel. Up to date, economy within the city continues to evolve as transportation industry booms, entertainment and film industry continues to expand and Fortune companies continue to invest. For these achievements, Memphis has been awarded by Inc. magazine in 2000 as the eighth out of fifty best major U. S areas for business. b. Government – Memphis has a Mayor and council form of government which originated in 1960s. 3. People A greater number of African/Black American occupies the city though there percentages of white Americans, Asian and Latinos. A home of different beliefs, the city of Memphis welcomes differences in congregation and denomination. 4. Culture and the Arts Home to musical legend Elvis Presley, Memphis locals had also been the founders of various music genres – making it worthy enough to be tagged as â€Å"Birthplace of the Blues† and â€Å"Birthplace of Rock and Roll†. A rich collaboration of culture and the arts makes the city an interesting destination of travel and recreation. 5. Tourism and Recreation Economic advances and cultural distinctiveness plays a major role in the rise of tourism in the city. Surrounded by art galleries, parks and museums; Memphis’s interactive recreation makes it one of the state’s finest destination site. A typical city rooted from rich history, developed to progress as one of the State’s finest, Memphis, an urbanized territory in South Tennessee continues to emerge as a growing metropolitan. With residents increasing in sufficient number, economy rearing to be at par with United State’s top commerce, with welcoming variety of race, religion and belief; Memphis retains reliable statistics and reputable reasons why settlement and livelihood in this city is note-worthy. Bibliography: †¢ â€Å"Memphis, Tennessee†. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 August 2010. Web. 25 August 2010. †¢ History of Memphis. City of Memphis, 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010. †¢ â€Å"Memphis, Tennessee†. City-data. com. Advameg, Inc, 2010. Web. Retrieved August 25, 2010.

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Psychology - Essay Example A child will not survive without the care and support of others. He learns about life and living not only by his own discoveries but with interactions with people around him and within the environment he lives in. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development outlines how a child develops his learning abilities that equip him to survive life’s challenges. Initially, he discovers the world using his senses, and as he grows, learns to form associations and conclusions. With a healthy attachment to significant adults, the child develops a sense of security enabling him to venture into more learning about his world. â€Å"Piaget believed that children create knowledge through interactions with the environment. Children are not passive receivers of knowledge; rather, they actively work at organizing their experience into more and more complex mental structures.† (Brewer, 2001, p.6). He insists that children need to use all their cognitive functions. These theories were designed to form minds which can be critical, can verify, and not accept everything they are offered. Such beliefs reflect his respect for children’s thinking. Vygotsky (1978) believed that children’s intellectual development is influenced more by social context than by individual experiences. His theory places a great deal of emphasis on effective social interaction. Learning ensues in social interactions. A person ingrained in a particular cultural group automatically adapts to its socio-history and socio-cultural ways. Learning about one’s culture comes easy if the individual is totally immersed in it. A perfect example is how Reggio Emilia schools in Italy are run. There, the whole community is involved in rearing the children. â€Å"Reggio Emilia educators repeatedly emphasize that "no one has a monopoly" on what children need and, as noted above, invite parents to become

Graduation Speech of Pupils Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Graduation Speech of Pupils - Essay Example Indeed the education is expensive but it is even more expensive to play ignorant. Our parents have done everything not just pay our school fees but also provide us with the basic needs and see us to through our studies in a smooth manner. Teachers on their part have on a daily basis held our hands as we walk past the many milestones that define our eleven year journey of education. You taught us in class, you taught us out of class, offered moral support and encouraged us never to give up on our dreams. Surely, you teachers and parents have denied yourselves a lot and given to us more than enough. We have no better words thank you. I want to say that as we graduate, we need not be awarded with medals so as to prove that there is something very special within us. We are all blessed, talented and are worth a part on the back. This day is all about celebrating the talents and knowledge that walk away with as we graduate. I guess all for a long time have been imagining what the graduation day would look like. I admit that personally, I have vivid memories of every imagined scene about this day. To my fellow classmates, I must emphasize that this has been long journey marked with hard work so as to come out of here as changed persons. We did not imagine surviving the roller coaster ride of schooling and being here to celebrate eventually. Indeed this has been a long journey. As I come to the end, I must say what we are now through with is just but a milestone and it that time for us to move on to even bigger fights for our lives. All we learned in class and out of class while here will give us the base to stand on as get through the next stages of education. We learned not only formulas, poems, and other things in class but also life skills outside class. We learned how to work independently, in teams and more importantly to appreciate our friends in their uniqueness. Everything we

MANIFEST DESTINY AND ASSIMILATION THEORY Term Paper

MANIFEST DESTINY AND ASSIMILATION THEORY - Term Paper Example Assimilation model is where a minority group adopts the values, norms, beliefs, and institutional systems of the domain culture, which the American culture. The Native Americans were not domain because they had to assimilate to the western civilization (Cullen, Lisle, Downs and Colombo 452). Fredrickson explains the assimilation theory proposed by Alex in the following manner. His explanations are based on ethnic relations between religions and races in the history of the US. He asserts that ethnic hierarchy is inevitable because it forms the first pillar of socialization between distinct ethnic groups. In American context, the essay is based on the view that the American race is the dominant group that holds the privileges and right not provided to other races in the society (Cullen, Lisle, Downs, and Colombo 463). Due to this, they view themselves as the superior to those races whom the rights are denied. The system of racial interaction influenced the blacks and Indian races in Am erican society because the whites deemed themselves superior to these races. Fredrickson continues with his assimilation theory using one-way assimilation model. He argues that the only way that other races such as Indians and blacks can pay the Americans is via adapting or conforming to the American culture. ... Fredrickson discuses the theory of separatism in groups by arguing that minority groups should be autonomous, independent and completely separated from the dominant or majority group (Cullen, Lisle, Downs and Colombo 479). Cultural pluralism is the most effective theory because it gives room to people to retain their own culture or ethnic identities without conforming to cultures of other dominant groups. Fredrickson explanation offers a way forward on how social groups can come together and live in unity. These assertions are evident in the manifest destiny and Americas’ expansion to the West. Further, cultural pluralism is demonstrated in the manner in which Native Americans were treated. Americans separated from other groups and followed their own western culture. Due to this, many Americans believed that they had the responsibility of spreading democratic ideals to other parts of the world. During their expansion, the Americans excluded groups with cultural differences tha t were characterized with prejudice and paternalism. This reality made the Americans realized themselves, and their role in the world. The manifest destiny doctrine was the idea that established the United States of America as a nation. Manifest destiny was an idea that influenced American policy in the twentieth century (The Great Nation of Futurity 428). The concept was the motivation behind the tremendous and rapid expansion of America into the West from the East. The idea of manifest destiny was promoted in poster, newspapers, and via the media. The idea of manifest destiny was not an official government policy but it led to enactment and passage of policies

Human Resource Management regarding Coca Cola Company Essay

Human Resource Management regarding Coca Cola Company - Essay Example The personnel management accentuates the transactional leadership style where the leader is not viewed as a job-oriented individual. In this style of management, focus is directed at set procedures, completion of duties, and punishment for not performing or complying with the rules. Human aspects like consideration, concern, lenience, and personal relationships attract less attention. Human resources management, however, creates transformational leaders. This style of management seeks to promote the sharing of business goals by both management and employees. This management is workforce oriented and shares the objectives of the business with its employees. The second distinction is that in personnel management the job plan is functional. Pay policies are not based on ability and information. The value in this management is based on the duties outlined in the contract only. The human resources management encourages workforce to view the pay as a motivation to improvement of job perfor mance. The job design focuses on teamwork, job rotation and enlargement as an approach created by the human resources manager. Third, the personnel management ensures that personnel strictly follow the contract of employment. This style of management allows no room for modifications or changes in the contract outline. The human resources management employs a flexible approach to the workforce that entails open contract agreements. The employees granted the freedom to choose working systems that suit them. This style ensures that the employees are free hence more input leading to the benefit of the organization (Ster & Koster, 2007, p. 6). This style is referred to as a win-win approach. The nature of relations is also different because in the personnel management the relationship is contractual. In this management one individual hires whereas the other one performs. The human resources management focuses on sharing mission and vision associated with the achievement of the organizat

Europes power is inevitably declining relative to other powers Essay

Europes power is inevitably declining relative to other powers - Essay Example The most applicable technique used to determine this phenomenon is to pose an overarching question, which enables the placement of Europe in an intelligible conceptual milieu: When does a super power cease to be â€Å"super†? This question obliges the re-interrogation of superiority, power and decides, as well as revalidation of historical perspectives, which underpin the current disquiet concerning the shifting international order. In Europe, concerns regarding its superiority, decline and power continue to be a staple component of popular and scholarly discourse, but they are rising in intensity because of current financial crisis experienced in Europe. Europe’s power is inevitably declining as the individual states, as well as their societies and production systems continue to decline. The military and economic criterion explores a nation or region’s capacity to fit the description of greatness or superiority. Military power has a notable economic basis since heavy defense spending has significant effects on a nation’s or region’s economy. Europe’s decline is perhaps most notable in international politics, and these effects emerged with stark clarity in the events concerning the Balkan crises, as well as the war in Iraq. In the case of the Iraq war, Europeans only watched helplessly as the senseless war, which they did not even desire, transpire and had to sustain a substantial share of the mammoth costs generated by the war. It is quite evident that Europe no longer carries any significant weight on the topic of international politics and is currently subject to the US’ hegemony (Rifkin 112). This reality became quite apparent at the end of the World War 2 and the Cold War. Notably, the hegemony of the US had a prominent rival in the USSR, which prevented Europe from feeling dominated by the US. US’ subtle domination of Europe gave Europeans the inaccurate sensation that they were making contributions to the realization of a joint project and defense of shared values. Today, the danger lies not in USSR domination but in terrorism, funded by fundamentalist Islamic groups whose networks extend throughout the world. Today, American hegemony does little to guarantee European security in light of this danger. It is evident that Europe could play a pivotal role in eradicating terrorism at grass root level, favoring economic development, unity and a democratic evolution Middle Eastern and North West African country with which Europe enjoys positive relations. This positive relationship is characterized by Europe’s geographical proximity, as well as close interdependence with nations in the region. However, Europe’s impotence prevents it from playing its role effectively in this area and other sensitive global regions (Manners 238). As a consequent, Europe finds itself more and more often, serving to make up the numbers that create international equilibrium while new actors such as India, China and Brazil enter the world and old actors such as Russia make an unmistakable comeback. Europe is rapidly exiting the scene as it continues to count for less than other powers in terms of strategic calculations regarding international events. On the other hand, Europe is inevitably declining on the economic front. This is notable in the declining trend experienced by the leading eurozone countries, which are currently showing, relative to their GDPs, relatively weak and negative growth trends. Unemployment rates in most European nations are current sky high. The countries’ production systems are inevitably becoming unable to fend off the

Respond to questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Respond to questions - Assignment Example Furthermore, social media has become another platform which can be used to influence people against acknowledging thin models being used in fashion shows or adverts. However, being thin should not be deemed as unhealthy. Nevertheless, this campaign should be directed towards those using drugs or skipping meals in order to be thin. Such people should be banned from participating in adverts or fashion shows in the country. Therefore, all people who want to participate in these shows should have a record of their weight reviewed and an approval from a physician. The current challenges that the world is facing such as global warming exist because there has been no strict regulations on the industries. Therefore, leaving the decision on the use of sustainable materials to designers is a major risk to the existence of the future generation. The student has argued logically on the need for the current generation to protect the scarce resources and an already strained environment. The essay is clear with only minor grammatical issues. However, the essay can be used in major arguments that are related to

Compare and contrast of the knight and wife of baths tale from the Essay

Compare and contrast of the knight and wife of baths tale from the canterbury tales - Essay Example The family institution is grounded by marriage; the institution of two individuals or partners with an aim of procreating and nurturing the wellbeing of their children while observing the set standards by the society. Romance on the other hand strengthens the marriage institution as a subset of love; a virtue necessary for the coexistence of family members and society at large. Majority of the society members will always look forward to love from family members and society at large and romance from their partners with which not only serves as the basic course of occupations but basis of identification and a sense of belonging. Romance and love comes with responsibilities for each of the stakeholders which vary with gender and the aspirations of the specific unit that is the family or the society (Heng, 2). The Wife of Bath and the Knight’s tales revolve around romance, love, relationships and the responsibilities that come with each set of relationships; appreciative and punit ive and this paper will seek to compare and contrast the two tales with reference to thematic presentation, morals and responsibilities, love and romance. Socially, the two tales bring out the importance of love and romance to the survival of the society in that lack of romance and love can lead to social vices which have long term repercussions to the errant and the society. For instance, in the Wife of Bath’s tale a knight who had raped a fair young maiden is faced with death penalty according to the society’s set standards and which sets path for the repercussions he faces in the tale. In the Knight’s tale the importance of love and romance in for social identity and sense of belonging is brought out whereby cousins Arcite and Palamon; who were imprisoned by Theseu, the Duke of Athens after inventions against Creon, falls in love with the same girl, Emelye. The power and value relationships, romance, love and the quest for identity and sense of belonging are brought out in the hate that these two cousins develop for each other over the girl and the â€Å"mass judicial tournament† that they engage in all for the winner to give the girl a hand in marriage. Though the scenarios in the two tales differ in the perspective of the responsibilities, they converge to one point of romance and love and the need for identity. For instance, in the Wife of Bath’s tale responsibilities assigned to the knight are punitive compared to the Knight’s tale which though punitive in the sense of mass tournament, they are appreciative in that the end results are explicitly defined. Thematically the two tales differ in that the Wife of Bathcritically evaluates the value of romance and details aspects of society’s aspirations such as antifeminism, behavior in marriage, economics of love and female dominance unlike the Knight’s tale which focuses much on romance. For instance, in the Wife of Bath, when the Knight was about to be prosecuted, Queen Guinevere intercedes and passes the judgment instead of the king; a move that introduced the aspects of female dominance, sought out to bring out the role of women in the society and their influence in matters of love and marriage, and sexuality themes. For example, when the knight was asked to discover for the queen what women desire most, for exchange of death penalty he was to receive; it is

Lessons In Life Essay Example for Free

Lessons In Life Essay When comparing Mother To Son with Mending Wall the message given is that with hard work, either manual or emotional life gives rewards. In Mother To Son the mother wants to pass her knowledge of life to him, that nothing is free and with hard work you will receive the feeling of accomplishments. The mother speaks of her hardships in life, but even with those she has always had hope. Even during the darkest times in her life she never gave up. What greater gift can a mother pass on to her child? The gifts than come from the heart are the greatest. She is trying to let him know that even though she has been climbing all her life she will not give up. Even though the story of Mending Wall focusing on the hard labor that comes once a year to neighbors repairing a common wall between their properties they also share good times together. Good fences make good neighbors. (page 1881) The neighbors speak of hunters that have passed during the year. Their walk of the wall gives each neighbor a time to share and reflect on the past years events with each other. Both stories differ in their style, Mother To Son gives a hidden approach to life. She is trying to give him subtle hits of what the road of life offers. Mending Wall gives a direct approach, its a conversation between neighbors that happens once a year, once it happens they go back to the way they were. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was a member of an abolitionist family. His first published poem was also one of his most famous, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, and it appeared in Brownies Book. Later, his poems, short plays, essays and short stories appeared in the NAACP publication Crisis Magazine and in Opportunity Magazine and other  publications.( http://www.redhotjazz.com/hughes.html) Robert Lee Frost was one of Americas leading 20th-century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. An essentially pastoral poet often associated with rural New England, Frost wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region. Although his verse forms are traditionalhe often said, in a dig at archrival Carl Sandburg, that he would as soon play tennis without a net as write free versehe was a pioneer in the interplay of rhythm and meter and in the poetic use of the vocabulary and inflections of everyday speech. His poetry is thus both traditional and experimental, regional and universal. (http://www.robertfrost.org/indexgood.html) Works Cited Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 2003 http://www.redhotjazz.com/hughes.html http://www.robertfrost.org/indexgood.html

Discuss With Reference To Edwin Chadwick History Essay

Discuss With Reference To Edwin Chadwick History Essay Dependent upon which historical field of study one has worked within, the image of Edwin Chadwick has, in past historiography, been somewhat polarized. Within the context of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, we are given an insight into the evil Edwin, the villain of poor-relief. His part in the creation of a deterrent system that focused upon indoor relief within the dreaded workhouse as its focus, made him unpopular contemporaneously, and historically. However, on the flipside of this coin, as one might expect, is an image of a man of morality. This Chadwick, unlike his earlier guise, has been heralded by historians as one the great figures and proponents of public health. His Sanitary Report (1842) was and is, seen as the pioneering piece of reformist literature that ignited the flame of public health in England.  [2]   Here I have shown the two sides of Edwin Chadwick. These two seemingly separate entities have been analysed by historians.  [3]  Yet, it seems that until recently, Chadwick within the public health context has avoided the scrutiny that the earlier poor law associated Chadwick has suffered. This can be attributed to a great degree to the early historiographical appreciation (or rather a lack thereof) of the new poor law. This image of the cruelty and amorality of the Amendment Act and the negative appraisal of the poor law post-1834 began with Beatrice and Sidney Webb. Their famous, and numerous, volumes on English local government have largely been discredited by current historians as somewhat ahistorical. It is sometimes far too easy to place upon a contemporaneous historical context modern attitudes and ideals. Early historical attitudes surrounding the new poor law suffered from this contemporary grafting. In the same vein, the historiography of public health in relation to Chadwick can be viewed as teleological. If not teleological, then it certainly suffered from a lack of questioning of Chadwicks public health ideals, especially those expounded in his Sanitary Report. The limitations of this historiography are being remedied by a current crop of historians, including Christopher Hamlin, Mary Poovey, and slightly earlier by Anthony Brundage.  [4]  The veneer of the Sanitary Report is being wiped away to expose the complexity of Chadwicks intentions hidden within the grain. Historians such as Hamlin have emphasised the political nature of Chadwicks Report. This new appraisal of the Chadwick of public health has narrowed the gap between the Chadwick of the poor law. There is only one Chadwick. This essay will hopefully disprove this duality of Chadwick, and emphasise the similarities between Chadwicks attitudes within a poor law context and those within the Sanitary Report. There a re politically charged threads that link his work within the Royal Commission for the poor law, between 1832 and 1834, to that of his 1842 Sanitary Report. Both the poor law and sanitation were components of Chadwicks wider reformist vision not only for England, but for Great Britain.  [5]  Chadwicks national picture of social organisation and improvement through centralised governing bodies, self-supervision, surveillance and discipline was based upon the assemblage of a mass of evidence and information. Centralisation, discipline, and statistics are the key threads to understanding Chadwick the politician, if he was such at all. Integral to an understanding of Chadwicks political persuasion is the influence of Jeremy Bentham and his Utilitarian principles.  [6]  This is a thread that shall run through and alongside the other threads; it is certainly a significant aspect of the politics of Chadwick. Some historians suggest that Chadwick was a product of Benthamite principles.  [7]   Therefore, a study of Chadwick without the inclusion of Jeremy Bentham would be a considerably diminished understanding of Chadwicks politics. The themes of Utilitarianism run throughout the work of Chadwick. His ideas on the makeup of the English or even British state are based largely upon the teachings of Bentham.  [8]  The Poor Law Commission within Chadwicks conception of administrative bodies was along very similar lines to that of Benthams Indigence Relief Minister. Furthermore, the later General Board of Health for which Chadwick can be attributed, was similar in many ways to the Minister of Health posited by Bentham. It is certainly clear that Benthams principles had a significant impact on Chadwicks ideas of central organization and administration.  [9]  Historians such as John Roach and Anthony Brundage have attributed this shaping of Chadwicks mind to Benthams Constitutional Code. This period of Chadwicks life, when living with Bentham, and helping him draft the C onstitutional Code, is posited as one of the most significant and influential periods in moulding his political, social and structural outlook. Yet, as Helen Benyon has suggested, after Benthams death, his pupil can be seen to depart somewhat from his code.  [10]  This divergence can be seen throughout Chadwicks career. For example, Bentham considered a royal commission to be an instrument of monarchical tyranny.  [11]  Yet as is well documented, Chadwick was heavily involved in such commissions, including his part in the Royal Commission on the poor law, for which he played a significant role. He even headed the Royal Commission on factories, and played an encouraging role in the commission that resulted in the passing of the Public Health Act in 1848. This divergence is not necessarily negative. In many respects, a royal commission was a fashionable tool of the Victorian period which engendered reform. Therefore, we can see Chadwick as merely using the political avenues th at existed to promulgate his own reformist ideals. In addition, much of what Chadwick created out of these commissions, in administrative and organizational terms was relatively utilitarian. This theme of centralisation and will be detailed in the proceeding section. One sticking point can be seen in Chadwicks opposition to universal political enfranchisement, something which Bentham certainly advocated towards the viability of democracy. This shift from Benthamism is certainly significant for later analysis of Chadwicks conception of social organisation within his Sanitary Report. This should not detract from the far-reaching effect that Benthams ideology had upon the later work of Chadwick. He was not a complete product of Bentham, his own past and ideological makeup mixed and fused with the latent Benthamite principles, the most significant of which can be seen in Chadwicks wholly national picture of reform and improvement towards intervention, and inspection through centralisation. Following this train of thought, we move into a key area of Chadwicks ideology. Centralisation was a significant aspect of the Chadwick model of organisation. It has its origins in Benthamism; of a considerably national and uniform system of institutional organisation.  [12]  An important factor in this is the Whig government from the 1832 Parliamentary Reform Act throughout the 1830s. As Brundage has suggested this Whig government presided over the most extraordinary periods of government growth in British history.  [13]  Reforms in areas such as the factories, the poor laws, education and police, all involved the growth of central government. There is a definite Benthamite flavour to this reformism. And this influence could be seen not only in the figure of Chadwick, but in moderate positions of power. Yet Chadwick is, for the purposes of this essay the most significant individual. His centralising vision is certainly along utilitarian lines. This was Bourne out of an abstr act and conceptual definition of paternalism which could be grafted onto his model of centralised government. However, the Whig governments idea of paternalism was along the more traditional lines of maintenance of the dominance of local government. The Whigs were open to government growth, yet only to uphold and strengthen this traditional paternal hierarchy.  [14]  In this respect one can see Chadwicks visions of central organisation as perhaps being moulded by his contemporaneous reality. England was more an agglomeration of counties, parishes, and common law courts than a state.  [15]  For his centralised vision to be accepted, he would have to make concessions. The structure of organisation and administration for which he provided for the poor law is a prime example of such a concession. He created the central body of the Poor Law Commission, the inspectorial and supervisorial enforcer of uniform relief, whilst keeping the local organs. However, these local unions presi ded over much larger geographical districts than under the old poor law, amalgamating several parishes together. Along with this example under the poor law, the earlier Factory Act, or Althorps Act passed in 1833 is probably a more significant indicator of the central interference of Chadwick. It was the first piece of legislation in Britain based on a major inquiry by experts entailing inference by the central government, supervised by agents of central government.  [16]  This centralised and uniform state driven ideology can even be identified within Chadwicks Sanitary Report. His vision of a national network of pipes, pumping fresh water into the homes and flushing out waste gives a very vivid image of state uniformity.  [17]  Furthermore, for the enactment of such a large scale task, he emphasises the need for a centrally organised system of expertise and authority. In 1848 the General Board of Health was set up. One can identify within Chadwicks work an overarching refo rmist vision. Within both the poor law (for which Chadwick has been negatively appraised) and the creation of public health (for which he is the patron saint) one can identify a continuity of his administrative vision of centralised institutions based upon authority, supervision and uniformity. In this respect, the gap between the Chadwick of the poor law and the Chadwick of public health converge to create Chadwick the reformist; a man with a national vision of improvement and Benthamite tendencies. Here a brief example of the importance of Benthams influence upon Chadwicks ideology might shed some light on Chadwicks policies. Anthony Brundage suggests that Benthams Panopticon plan is a physical representation of the concept of the tutelary State which Chadwick championed during the 1830s and 1840s. It resembled the Panopticon in its thoroughness, tidiness, and also its intrusiveness.  [18]  This design was intended for use in prisons or even workhouses, as an optimized system of surveillance. Yet here it brings to life, if only in image form, the importance of uniformity, and central authority in Chadwicks vision of the state. An important fact was that from the viewing tower all cells could be viewed, yet from the cells the central tower was not visible. This is an interesting aspect to consider in the context of Chadwicks vision, especially that of social improvement. Another significant thread of Chadwicks social vision is its disciplinary thrust. Both during his time within the poor law and public health domains there can be seen a subversive attempt by Chadwick to create an improved social body. The most troublesome of which was the labouring class. To understand the political nature of Chadwicks work, one needs to place it in its historical context. The most significant context is that of the Chartist movement. Emerging in the early 1830s and then re-emerging in the late 1840s, they were perceived as a very real threat to the Whig government of the time. The Chartist movement emerged out of the London Working Mens Association set up in 1836 by William Lovett. He later produced the Peoples Charter with Frances Place. They called for universal male suffrage. For the Whig government there was a very real fear that revolution could occur at any moment.  [19]  France was not so far away, and their recent history still lived fresh in the memory. There were several bouts of protests and marches by the Chartists, especially within urban areas. Some of which ended in violence, and the deaths of several Chartists. The Chartists movement was a rally point of sorts for the poor and disenfranchised labour population. Within this context one can understand the political nature of Chadwicks Sanitary Report in particular through his mouldin g of public health which incorporated a social preponderance. In addition to this context is that of the earlier disappointment at the inadequacies of the 1832 Parliamentary Reform propounded by Charles Greys Whig government. Along with this was the creation of the new poor law in 1834; the poor harvests during 1836 and 1837.  [20]  This context set the scene in which Chadwicks social and disciplinary ideas can be situated. Mary Poovey identifies Chadwicks attempt, through sanitary reform, to organise and control the labouring classes.  [21]  I use control here in the loosest sense of the word. Perhaps, as used earlier, discipline may be a more apt term. Chadwick, within the Sanitary Report, narrows public health to sanitation. Here one can identify Chadwicks divergence from the alternative attitudes towards public health such as existed in France, or even those attitudes of his British contemporaries, mainly within the medical sphere. He follows an environmental cause of disease through filth theory. This however, does not only constitute the physical illness, but Chadwick also incorporates psychological and social disease as being caused by this accumulation of filth.  [22]   His main focus is upon the labouring or working class, especially those within slums and residences of particular depravity. In a sanitary context these areas were identified by Chadwick as areas with the highest mortality rates. The other focal point is that of the importance of domesticity, and the cleanliness of the labourers domestic sphere not only towards the prevention of disease but also towards his social improvement.  [23]  Using rather selective evidence, (an issue that will be further elaborated upon in a later section), Chadwick identifies place and class as the most significant determinants in the causation of disease. In this way he proved that the most important factor in the spread of disease was not only material filth, but where you lived.  [24]  Chadwick discounted completely the workplace. With the aforementioned political (Chartist) context in mind, one can identify the disciplinary thrust to Chadwicks Sanitary Report. The politicisation of the labouring classes was to both Chadwick and the Whig government a significant concern. Within the Sanitary Report Chadwick discourages those same labouring men from homo-social activity within any sphere, but particularly that of the public house. Chadwick links the frequenting of such places of vice as a product of the depraved condition of the domestic sphere which was its self a consequence of filth and disease.  [25]  As aforementioned, many middle-class commentators were concerned with the working classes use of public space, especially that of public houses. These were not only associated with alcoholism and disorderly behaviour, but more significantly as places for radical labour organisation especially that of trade unionism.  [26]  In emphasising the importance of the domestic sphere Chadwick links the labouring mans individual identity to his family over any homo-social association. The growing urbanized and capitalist formation of England should be borne in mind. The industrialization of England during this period brought with it the emergence of the capitalism and the importance of the free market. In such a context the middling-classes also emerged and gained a foothold within this new state.  [27]  Furthering this idea of discipline and social ordering it is clear through the Sanitary Report that Chadwicks ideal for which the labouring class should aspire to be was certainly that of the middling class: the class who best fitted into the formation of Britain as an industrialising and capitalist nation. The middling class were seemingly more civilised than the labouring class, and more importantly they enjoyed lower rates of mortality. However, unfortunately for Chadwick, they were politically enfranchised.  [28]  This final issue as has been mentioned was significant. And within Chadwicks own work it creates a certain paradox.  [29]   Throughout his Sanitary Report Chadwick emphasises the importance of the respectability of domesticity, and improvements of the labouring class through the investment in institutions of savings, schooling, respectability and religion. Chadwick generalises the domestic values of the middle class to represent the whole of English society. Emphasising the importance of appropriated behaviour and their distinction from the frugality of the aristocrats and the licentious working-class, Chadwick establishes the naturalness of middle class living habits and the superiority thereof in both health and longevity.  [30]  Yet whilst placing this carrot of improvement in front of the labouring man, Chadwicks emphasis upon improvement is kept within the domestic sphere, thus allowing for sanitary and social improvement. This domestic emphasis limits the working man, actively avoiding and denying the political collusion that the middling classes enjoyed. In this way Chadwick allowed the laboure r only part of the carrot of improvement.  [31]  Chadwick, therefore, denies members of the labouring population the opportunity of establishing the kinds of relationships with each other that facilitated the consolidation of the middle class as a political entity.  [32]   In this respect one sees the attempt by Chadwick to discipline the labouring class through guidance and their own self-discipline. What is more significant here is how Chadwick is able, in the climate of a reluctant-to-reform government, to get sanitary reform passed. This can be attributed to a number of factors; most importantly, Chadwick was able in his report to incorporate the social into sanitation. Chadwick attributed filth theory not only to the causation of physical disease, but also to the causation of alcoholism and more significantly the labouring mans potentially revolutionary behaviour.  [33]  Chadwick addressed the political issue of the day whilst explicitly avoiding overtly political rhetoric. He made political unrest a sanitary issue. By masking those social issues with the sweeter taste of health and sanitation, Chadwick makes his vision easier to swallow for a reluctant government. This as Hamlin rightly points out is the true nature of Chadwicks Report. It wa s essentially a political piece of work, with social reorganization hidden behind the guise of disease prevention and public medicine.  [34]   This material and domestic focus allowed for Chadwick to avoid the issue of poverty as a determinant of disease. Chadwick discounted issues such as adequate food, clothing and sufficient wages as consequential to health. Although seemingly avoiding the issue of the poor law, Chadwick is inadvertently addressing the problem. His vision of sanitary improvement was intended to improve the very class for whom poor relief was a viable option. If through sanitation their physical, and psychological state could be improved then they would be less depraved, less inclined to drink and perhaps less likely to need to be relieved. Statistical information was not only a phenomenon of the Victorian period; it was also a powerful reformist tool, pioneered by the social reformist James Phillips Kay.  [35]  Information and evidence are significant factors in the understanding of Chadwicks work both within the Royal Commission for the poor law and within his Sanitary Report. Chadwick was quick to utilise the power of information to further his reformist plan. This is evident throughout his work on the Royal Commission of the poor law, and of the Factories, and certainly within his Sanitary Report.  [36]  Influenced by his contemporary James Phillips Kay, Chadwick embarked upon the use of statistics and evidence for reformist purposes. This would seem a noble endeavour, classically associated with the reformist movement, in work such as the aforementioned Kay, and many others seeking to improve England. Chadwick was shrewder with his statistical evidence. Many historians suggest that he used only those statis tics which would further his preconceived notions and aims. This is certainly evident mostly starkly, as Christopher Hamlin among other historians have identified, within the Sanitary Report.  [37]   Chadwicks narrowing of public health to that of sanitation is the prime example. Chadwick ignores completely the medical aspects of public health, refusing to include the medical profession into his vision. Furthermore, his emphasis upon the environmental cause of disease through filth completely ignored not only substantial evidence from physician such as Alison who exampled a complexity of issues to disease causation, but also his contemporary and friend James Phillips Kay. This narrow focus and selective evidence can be seen as a way of Chadwick avoiding certain issues for which he was reluctant to attribute to the health of the labouring class; that being poverty and the new system of poor relief. Chadwicks focus upon the physical moved the focus away from claims by Poor Law medical officers that harsh Poor Law policies were the cause of illness and disease  [38]  Thus, for Chadwick to avoid confirming in writing that his already hated poor law was also a cause of disease; he had to change tact and use statistics to prove otherwise. If hardship produced illness, a PL founded upon disincentives to seek relief was counterproductive and morally indefensible.  [39]  Chadwick took the same attitude with the compilation of his evidence within the poor law commission. He used and selected the right evidence that would bolster his policy. There was opposition, yet Chadwick seemed, and did, amass voluminous amounts of evidence that supported his claim.  [40]  Chadwick throughout the period applied statistics to bolster his preconceived cause. He was so successful that he not only managed to enact his reforms, but also, made those reforms seem like the only viable reality. Chadwick was certainly an active reformist during this period, and even before.  [41]  With regards to whether Chadwick was a politician in disguise, is certainly nuanced and complex. He was not a political figure; he was a reformist, and a civil servant of sorts.  [42]  Yet he certainly played the political game. He was active in much of the policy making that occurred during this period and had a significant role in the two most significant areas of reform; the poor law; and public health, for which he essentially established in England, if on somewhat narrower definitions than that of his French counterparts.  [43]  This in itself is an example of his attempts at creating a new social picture of England. His national vision extended from a centralised institutional authority to a mass social body. Everything Chadwick attempted was on a national scale. His vision of the improvement of Great Britain is evident in most of his works. And he was determined to have this visi on become a reality. His selective use of evidence, the focus of his Sanitary Report, the Royal Commission on the poor law, certainly sways one in the direction of politician in disguise. Much of his work in contemporaneous context had subtle and subverted political agendas. The poor law was based on a deterrent system, which aimed at the reduction of expenditure. This is a more explicit involvement. Yet the Sanitary Reports is a prime example of a politician in disguise. The overarching focus upon the health of the labouring poor is punctuated by the inclusion of discipline and social organisation. Yet for all these aspects, Chadwick was certainly more a product of his Benthamite roots. A man heavily influenced by Benthams Constitutional Code, but with his own individual drive and aspirations. In this way, improvement and reform were his true aims. He had a vision for the makeup if Britain and was determined to see that his ideas were realised, even if that meant making certain concessions to make it more appealing to government, and at times to cover his own back. One could suggest, especially within the Sanitary Report, that Chadwick chose sewers and water in a narrowing of public health because of their political innocuousness. He can be seen to actively avoid any explicit association with the politics of this area. Chadwick, unlike many of his Utilitarian contemporaries, was seemingly more inclined to diverge slightly from his Benthamite past if it meant the success of his policies.

Drinking on the Job :: Essays Papers

Drinking on the Job Drinking on the job. I never had a job in a restaurant where somebody could drink while working until I got a job as a waitress at Sweetwater Grill and Tavern. Taking part in this activity at work is a sure-fire way to have a strange work experience. I, of course, was not drinking on the job since it was my first day waiting tables at Sweetwater Grill and Tavern, and I was underage (only 18 years old at the time). I had just gotten the job and couldn't wait to work in a comfortable, laid back work environment, which I had never been accustomed to. At Sweetwater, the servers did not have to wear uniforms like most restaurants. Here, servers were allowed to wear cut-off jeans, shorts, t-shirts, and whatever type of shoe that we preferred. The bosses of the restaurant just sat at the bar all day long and caught up with what was going on with their new and old friends. Nobody came in expecting good quality service. As a matter of fact, Sweetwater was infamous for the worst servic e around in town. This restaurant was any server's dream job. The freedoms were not limited to these, though. Oh no, since the tavern was pretty much an organized "drunk fest" for drinkers of all ages, the servers were also allowed to partake in the festivities, and drink and smoke as much as they pleased without letting it interfere in their work. So everyone got to have fun at work. Surely this would make the endless nights working go by much quicker and be more bearable. I could not have been more wrong in my life. Since it was my first day on the job I arrived promptly at four o'clock that evening. I was very nervous about making new friends. At least I would be the first one out that night. To my surprise, the other two servers working the floor that night, Patrick and Lindsay, were very pleasant and talkative. They immediately informed me that "Beef Jerky Time" was the code for "let's party" and that it would begin at 10:30 that evening. "Great!" I replied with what must have been the most frightened look upon my face. Drink on the job?

Long-term Cause Of The Russian :: essays research papers

In 1812 Czar Alexander the First had sworn an oath that Russia would never make peace as long as an enemy stood on Russian soil. Little did he know that not much more than a century later the enemy was those who were native to the Russian soil-the people. The Russian Revolution was an event that shaped the rest of the 20th century worldwide. The causes of the revolution go back many years before the actual revolution had even showed signs of breaking out. The causes included a weak government, indecisive leaders and, a very backwards way of life for the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the mid to late 19th century Russian leaders came to understand that Russia was backwards in it’s ways and that it must strive to modernize itself before the country was left in shambles. Russians and their land could be described in one word, poor. The agrarian societies were weak because the land was only hospitable to trees and ice. The peasants were serfs, attached to the land and their master s. In 1853 war suddenly broke out in the Crimean Peninsula over Christian shrines in the Ottoman Empire. After their defeat in the Crimean War, Russia’s war leaders realized even more that they were behind the whole world in modernizing. In response Alexander II then took the reigns of the empire radically improving the country. Trans-continental railroads were built and then in 1861 the serfs were emancipated. The government then strengthened Russia’s industry by promoting industrialization with the construction of factories. But then as quickly as Alexander II’s reform reign started, it ended. In 1881 a group of terrorists assassinated Alexander causing a cessation of the reforms. Suddenly economic modernization resurfaced again in the 1890’s under the Finance Minister named Sergei Witte. Witte believed that even though Russia was a backwards country, modernization could still occur. Under his leadership Witte helped the 35,000 mile railway system come to a completion. Yet the Russian leaders were so impressed that this great change that could improve Russia in the next 20 years they were so blind to the poverty and overpopulation that continued making Russia digress further and further.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a loss to the Japanese in the Russian-Japanese war, morale of the common folk was at an all time low. Illegal labor parties were forming and groups of dedicated individuals were begging for revolution. Groups such as the Nihilists, and the Anarchists started to form with the intent to start a revolution.

The Grapes Of Wrath: Description Al Joad And The Setting :: essays research papers

The Grapes of Wrath: Description Al Joad and the Setting Al Joad is a fairly skinny guy of medium built who starts out being a cocky, self-conceited character. His only justifiable reason for acting cocky is that his brother, Tom, killed a man and went to jail. Al respects his brother and thinks of him as a man for having killed another man. The fact of the matter is that Tom was only acting in self defense. After a man came after Tom with a knife, Tom hit him over the head with a shovel, and killing him in the process. Al would receive complements all over town from people who recognize him and being the brother of a man that was a killer. As soon as Tom Joad comes home from prison, Al is a changed person. He is no longer cocky and he almost resents his brother coming home so soon. As the Joad family is forced to leave their home land and travel to California, Al takes on a great responsibility. His job is to drive the family and take complete care of the truck that they are driving. Al takes his job very seriously and gets upset when anything happens to the car. Emotionally, I would say Al has become very strong throughout the novel. He starts out pretty depend on the "glory" of his brother, but he takes his responsibilities seriously. I see Al as being a crucial character later in the novel. He is the kind of person that needs motivation from the start, but once he gets going, he won't stop. Setting Description Oklahoma could best be described as one large dustbowl. All rain has ceased to fall. The dry wind wisps through the air and gathers dirt. If you listen closely enough, it sounds as though there are people moaning whenever wind is present. The heat is so humid that any source of water is dried up, and the plants wither away. All of the corn crops are gone as well as all other crops. The dirt is like sand; it has no moisture or fertilization.

Customer Relationship Management and Flight Attendants

Essentials of MIS Additional Cases 1 BUSINESS PROBLEM-SOLVING CASE JetBlue Hits Turbulence In February 2000, JetBlue started flying daily to Fort Lauderdale, Florida and Buffalo, New York, promising top-notch customer service at budget prices. The airline featured new Airbus A320 planes with leather seats, each equipped with a personal TV screen, and average one-way fares of only $99 per passenger. JetBlue was able to provide this relatively luxurious flying experience by using information systems to automate key processes, such as ticket sales (online sales dominate) and baggage handling (electronic tags help track luggage).Jet Blue prided itself on its â€Å"paperless processes. † JetBlue’s investment in information technology enabled the airline to turn a profit by running its business at 70 percent of the cost of larger competitors. At the same time, JetBlue filled a higher percentage of its seats, employed non-union workers, and established enough good will to scor e an impressive customer retention rate of 50 percent. Initially, JetBlue flew only one type of plane from one vendor: the Airbus A320. This approach enabled the airline to standardize flight operations and maintenance procedures to a degree that resulted in considerable savings.CIO Jeff Cohen used the same simple-is-better strategy for JetBlue’s information systems. Cohen depended almost exclusively on Microsoft software products to design JetBlue’s extensive network of information systems. (JetBlue’s reservation system and systems for managing planes, crews, and scheduling are run by an outside contractor. ) Using a single vendor provided a technology framework in which Cohen could keep a small staff and favor in-house development of systems over outsourcing and relying on consultants. The benefit was stable and focused technology spending. JetBlue spent only 1. percent of its revenue on information technology, as opposed to the 5 percent spent by competitors. JetBlue’s technology strategy helped create a pleasing flying experience for passengers. As president and chief operating officer Dave Barger put it, â€Å"Some people say airlines are powered by fuel, but this airline is powered by its IT infrastructure. † JetBlue consistently found itself at the top of J. D. Power and Associates customer satisfaction surveys. JetBlue believed it had learned to work lean and smart. The big question was whether JetBlue would be able to maintain its strategy and its success as the airline grew.By the end of 2006, the company was operating 500 flights daily in 50 cities and had $2. 4 billion in annual revenue. Along the way, JetBlue committed to purchasing a new plane every five weeks through 2007, at a cost of $52 million each. Through all of this, JetBlue remained true to its formula for success and customers continued to return. February 14, 2007, was a wake-up call. A fierce ice storm struck the New York City area that day and set i n motion a string of events that threatened JetBlue’s sterling reputation and its stellar customer relationships.JetBlue made a fateful decision to maintain its schedule in the belief that the horrible weather would break. JetBlue typically avoided pre-canceling flights because passengers usually preferred to have a delayed arrival than to camp out at a terminal or check into a hotel. If the airline had guessed correctly, it would have kept its revenue streams intact and made the customers who were scheduled to fly that day very happy. Most other airlines began canceling flights early in the day, believing it was the prudent decision even though passengers would be inconvenienced and money would be lost.The other airlines were correct. Nine JetBlue planes left their gates at John F. Kennedy International Airport and were stranded on the tarmac for at least six hours. The planes were frozen in place or trapped by iced-over access roads, as was the equipment that would de-ice o r move the aircraft. Passengers were confined inside the planes for up to ten and one-half hours. Supplies of food and water on the planes ran low and toilets in the restrooms began to back up. JetBlue found itself in the middle of a massive dual crisis of customer and public relations.JetBlue waited too long to solicit help for the stranded passengers because the airline figured that the planes would be able to take off eventually. Meanwhile, the weather conditions and the delays or cancellations of other flights caused customers to flood JetBlue’s reservations system, which could not handle the onslaught. At the same time, many of the airline’s pilots and flight crews were also stranded and unable to get to locations where they could pick up the slack for crews that had just worked their maximum hours without rest, but did not actually go anywhere.Moreover, JetBlue did not have a system in place for the rested crews to call in and have their assignments rerouted. The glut of planes and displaced or tired crews forced JetBlue to cancel more flights the next day, a Thursday. And the cancellations continued daily for nearly a week, with the Presidents’ Day holiday week providing few opportunities for rebooking. On the sixth day, JetBlue cancelled 139 of 600 flights involving 11 other airports. 2 76 Part I: Information Systems in Hits Digital Age JetBlue the TurbulenceJetBlue’s eventual recovery was of little solace to passengers who were stranded at the airport for days and missed reservations for family vacations. Overall, more than 1,100 flights were cancelled, and JetBlue lost $30 million. The airline industry is marked by low profit margins and high fixed costs, which means that even short revenue droughts, such as a four-day shutdown, can have devastating consequences for a carrier’s financial stability. Throughout the debacle, JetBlue’s CEO David G. Neeleman was very visible and forthcoming with accountability and apologies.He was quoted many times, saying things such as, â€Å"We love our customers and we’re horrified by this. There’s going to be a lot of apologies. † Neeleman also admitted to the press that JetBlue’s management was not strong enough and its communications system was inadequate. The department responsible for allocating pilots and crews to flights was too small. Some flight attendants were unable to get in touch with anyone who could tell them what to do for three days. With the breakdown in communications, thousands of pilots sand flight attendants were out of position, and the staff could neither find them nor tell them where to go.JetBlue had grown too fast, and its low-cost IT infrastructure and systems could not keep up with the business. JetBlue was accustomed to saving money both from streamlined information systems and lean staffing. Under normal circumstances, the lean staff was sufficient to handle all operations, and the computer syste ms functioned well below their capacity. However, the ice storm exposed the fragility of the infrastructure as tasks such as rebooking passengers, handling baggage, and locating crew members became impossible. Although Neeleman asserted in a conference call hat JetBlue’s computer systems were not to blame for its meltdown, critics of the company pointed out that JetBlue lacked systems to keep track of off-duty flight crews and lost baggage. Its reservation system could not expand enough to meet the high customer call volume. Navitaire, headquartered in Minneapolis, hosts the reservation system for JetBlue as well as for a dozen other discount airlines. The Navitaire system was configured to accomodate up to 650 agents at one time, which was more than sufficient under normal circumstances.During the Valentine’s Day crisis, Navitaire was able to tweak the system to accomodate up to 950 agents simultaneously, but that was still not enough. Moreover, JetBlue could not find enough qualified employees to staff its phones. The company employs about 1,500 reservation agents who work primarily from their homes, linking to its Navitaire Open Skies reservation system using an Internet-based voice communications system. Many ticketholders were unable to determine the status of their flights because the phone lines were jammed.Some callers received a recording that directed them to JetBlue’s Web site. The Web site stopped responding because it could not handle the spike in visitors, leaving many passengers with no way of knowing whether they should make the trip to the airport. JetBlue lacked a computerized system for recording and tracking lost bags. It did have a system for storing information such as the number of bags checked in by a passenger and bag tag identification numbers. But the system could not record which bags had not been picked up or their location.There was no way for a JetBlue agent to use a computer to see if a lost bag for a partic ular passenger was among the heap of unclaimed bags at airports where JetBlue was stranded. In the past, JetBlue management did not feel there was a need for such a system because airport personnel were able to look up passenger records and figure out who owned leftover bags. When so many flights were canceled, the process became unmanageable. JetBlue uses several applications provided by outsourcing vendor Sabre Airline Solutions of Southlake, Texas to manage, schedule, and track planes and crews and to develop actual flight plans.Sabre’s FliteTrac application interfaces with the Navitaire reservation system to provide managers with information about flight status, fuel, passenger lists, and arrival times. Sabre’s CrewTrac application tracks crew assignments and provides pilots and flight attendants access to their schedules via a secure Web portal. JetBlue uses a Navitaire application called SkySolver to determine how to redeploy planes and crews to emerge from fligh t disruptions. However, JetBlue found out during the Valentine’s Day emergency that SkySolver was unable to transfer the information quickly to JetBlue’s Sabre applications.And even if these systems had worked properly together, JetBlue would have probably been unable to locate all of its flight crews to redirect them. It did not have a system to keep track of off-duty crew members. Overtaxed phone lines prevented crew members from calling into headquarters to give their locations and availability for work. JetBlue’s response to its humiliating experience was multifaceted. On the technology front, the airline deployed new software that sends recorded messages to pilots and flight attendants to inquire about their availability.When the employees return the calls, the information they supply is entered into a system that stores the data for access and analysis. From a staffing standpoint, Neeleman promised to train 100 employees from the airline’s corporate office to serve as backups for the departments that were stretched too thin by the effects of the storm. Chapter 2:of MIS AdditionalBusinesses Use Information Systems Essentials E-Business: How Cases 77 3 JetBlue attempted to address its customer relations and image problems by creating a customer bill of rights to enforce standards for customer treatment and airline behavior.JetBlue would be penalized when it failed to provide proper service, and customers who were subjected to poor service would be rewarded. JetBlue set the maximum time for holding passengers on a delayed plane at five hours. The company changed its operational philosophy to make more accomodation for inclement weather. An opportunity to test its changes arrived for JetBlue just one month after the incident that spurred the changes. Faced with another snow and ice storm in the northeast United States on March 16, 2007, JetBlue cancelled 215 flights, or about a third of its total daily slate.By canceling early, ma nagement hoped to ensure that its flight crews would be accessible and available when needed, and that airport gates would be kept clear in case flights that were already airborne had to return. In the wake of its winter struggles, JetBlue was left to hope that its customers would be forgiving and that its losses could be offset. Neeleman pointed out that only about 10,000 of JetBlue’s 30 million annual customers were inconvenienced by the airline’s weather-related breakdowns.On May 10, 2007, JetBlue’s Board of Directors removed Neeleman as CEO, placing him in the role of non-executive chairman. According to Liz Roche, managing partner at Customers Incorporated, a customer relationship management research and consulting firm, â€Å"JetBlue demonstrated that it’s an adolescent in the airline industry and that it has a lot of learning and growing up to do. † Sources: Doug Bartholomew and Mel Duvall, â€Å"What Really Happened at JetBlue,† Base line Magazine, April 1, 2007; â€Å"JetBlue Cancels Hundreds of Flights,† The Associated Press, accessed via www. nytimes. om, March 16, 2007; Susan Carey and Darren Everson, â€Å"Lessons on the Fly: JetBlue’s New Tactics,† The Wall Street Journal, February 27, 2007; Eric Chabrow, â€Å"JetBlue’s Management Meltdown,† CIO Insight, February 20, 2007; Jeff Bailey, â€Å"Chief ‘Mortified’ by JetBlue Crisis,† The New York Times, February 19, 2007 and â€Å"Long Delays Hurt Image of JetBlue,† The New York Times, February 17, 2007; Susan Carey and Paula Prada, â€Å"Course Change: Why JetBlue Shuffled Top Rank,† The Wall Street Journal, May 11, 2007; Coreen Bailor, JetBlue’s Service Flies South,† Customer Relationship Management, May 2007; Thomas Hoffman, â€Å"Out-of-the-Box Airline Carries Over Offbeat Approach to IT,† Computerworld, March 11, 2003; and Stephanie Overby, â€Å"JetBlue Skies Ahead, † CIO Magazine, July 1, 2002. Case Study Questions 1. What types of information systems and business functions are described in this case? 2. What is JetBlue’s business model? How do its information systems support this business model? 3.What was the problem experienced by JetBlue in this case? What people, organization, and technology factors were responsible for the problem? 4. Evaluate JetBlue’s response to the crisis. What solutions did the airline come up with? How were these solutions implemented? Do you think that JetBlue found the correct solutions and implemented them correctly? What other solutions can you think of that JetBlue hasn’t tried? 5. How well is JetBlue prepared for the future? Are the problems described in this case likely to be repeated? Which of JetBlue’s business processes are most vulnerable to breakdowns? How much will a customer bill of rights help?

“The Destructors” by Graham Greene Essay

Graham Greene the author of â€Å"The Destructors† and Richard Connell the author of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† both used a similar mood in their stories. Connell placed his story on an island in the Caribbean that was dark and scary, it had a reputation of death and separation. Greene placed his characters in a post war zone in London where there seemed to be little hope of life. Greene’s setting was urban with many young English boys as his main characters; Connell contrasted that with a sole island with only two main inhabitants and a pack of dogs. Both authors wrote stories that have very troubled characters. The characters also reflect a dark mood to go along with the setting. The Credibility was reasonable for both stories and I believed both stories could happen. Rainsford and â€Å"T† were good characters and the setting a great deal influenced them both. I related more to the atmosphere of â€Å"The most Dangerous Game† but did not have any problem picturing either one while reading the stories. â€Å"The Destructors† took place in London post world war II 1939-1945 on Bank Holiday, which is a 3-day weekend that takes place in Britain a few times a year. â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† took place on a remote tropical island in the Caribbean and was sometime after the First World War. The first similarity between the two stories is the dark mood that both setting portray, nighttime on an island in the middle of the ocean and post war stricken London. Another similarity is how both setting portray a holiday or vacation idea. The Setting of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is exactly the kind of setting you would need to pull of the kind of â€Å"game† secluded from the day to day bother of other people who might be passing by, no law enforcement to bother you with the accusation of murder. â€Å"The Des tructors† setting is a little harder to believe that this could happen and that a group of kids could pull it off. I have done a lot of demolition and I know how hard it is and how long  it can take. Rainsford was a great hunter even before he got marooned on this island but I’m sure the fact that he was now the prey raised his level of survival necessity. If he was on the island and he needed to rebuild a boat to escape he might not have faired as well but that is only conjecture. With â€Å"T† his character is total based on the setting of the story. If you change the setting you will change â€Å"T† and his whole objective and attitude. The atmosphere or the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation in â€Å"The Destructors† was depressing and dark. I envision rubble and burnt remains of buildings all around with only a few homes left standing in the area. On the Island I see a wonderful tropical paradise that is very inviting although dark and lonely when Rainsford falls from the boat and a wonderful place to visit with lush forest and flowers with sandy beaches. This to me the biggest difference between the two stories, one is set in the busy c ity while the other is secluded. One symbol I see in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is the Island being an image of being alone and needing to survive on your own, one man and his fight against one man. In â€Å"The Destructors† I felt like the symbol was the Wormsley Common Gang against the world or at least against Old Misery. This was a symbol of mans need to sometimes break the rules just because we can get away with it. Greene and Connell both used a similar mood in their stories. Connell placed his story on an island in the Caribbean that was dark and scary, it had a reputation of death and separation. Greene placed his characters in a post WWII zone in London where much hope for the future was lost. The setting for â€Å"The Destructors† was urban with many young English boys as his main characters; â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† contrasted that with a lonely island with only two main inhabitants and a pack of dogs. References: Connell, R. (1924). The most dangerous game. Greene, G. (1954). The destructors.

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 7

The next week passed in a blur. I ran from fittings at Mrs. Fells's dress shop to visits with Rosalyn in the Cartwrights' stuffy parlor to the tavern with Damon. I tried to forget Katherine, leaving my shutters closed so I wouldn't be tempted to look across the lawn at the carriage house, and forcing myself to smile and wave at Damon and Katherine when they explored the gardens. Once I went up to the attic to look at the portrait of Mother. I wondered what advice she'd have for me. Love is patient, I remembered her saying in her lilting French accent during Bible study. The notion comforted me. Maybe love could come to me and Rosalyn. After that, I tried to love Rosalyn, or at least garner some kind of affection for her. I knew, behind her quietness and her dishwater blond hair, she was simply a sweet girl who'd make a doting wife and mother. Our most recent visits hadn't been awful. In fact, Rosalyn had been in remarkably good spirits. She'd gotten a new dog, a sleek black beast named Sadie, which she'd taken to carrying everywhere lest the new puppy suffer the same fate as Penny had. At one point, when Rosalyn looked up at me with adoring eyes, asking if I'd prefer lilacs or gardenias at the wedding, I almost felt fond of her. Maybe that would be enough. Father had wasted no time in planning another party to celebrate. This time, it was a barbecue at the estate, and Father had invited everyone within a twenty-mile radius. I recognized only a handful of the young men, pretty girls, and Confederate soldiers who milled around the labyrinth, acting as if they owned the estate. When I was younger, I used to love the parties at Veritas–they were always a chance to run down to the ice pond with our friends, to play hide-and-seek in the swamp, to ride horses to the Wickery Bridge, then dare each other to dive into the icy depths of Willow Creek. Now I just wished it were over, so I could be alone in my room. â€Å"Stefan, care to share a whiskey with me?† Robert called out to me from the makeshift bar set up on the portico. To judge from his lopsided grin, he was already drunk. He passed me a sweating tumbler and tipped his own to mine. â€Å"Pretty soon, there will be young Salvatores all over the place. Can you picture it?† He swept his hands expansively over the grounds as if to show me just how much room my imaginary family would have in which to grow. I swirled my whiskey miserably, unable to picture it for myself. â€Å"Well, you've made your daddy one lucky man. And Rosalyn one lucky girl,† Robert said. He lifted his glass to me one last time, then went to chat with the Lockwoods' overseer. I sighed and sat down on the porch swing, observing the merriment occurring all around me. I knew I should feel happy. I knew Father only wanted what was best for me. I knew that there was nothing wrong with Rosalyn. So why did this engagement feel like a death sentence? On the lawn, people were eating and laughing and dancing, and a makeshift band made up of my childhood friends Ethan Giffin, Brian Walsh, and Matthew Hartnett was playing a version of â€Å"The Bonnie Blue Flag.† The sky was cloudless and the weather balmy, with just a slight nip in the air to remind us that it was, indeed, fall. In the distance, schoolchildren were swinging and shrieking on the gate. To be around so much merriment–all meant for me–and not feel happy made my heart thud heavily in my chest. Standing up, I walked inside toward Father's study. I shut the door to the study and breathed a sigh of relief. Only the faintest stream of sunlight peeked through the heavy damask curtains. The room was cool and smelled of well-oiled leather and musty books. I took out a slim volume of Shakespeare's sonnets and turned to my favorite poem. Shakespeare calmed me, the words soothing my brain and reminding me that there soothing my brain and reminding me that there was love and beauty in the world. Perhaps experiencing it through art would be enough to sustain me. I settled into Father's leather club chair in the corner and absentmindedly skimmed the onionskin pages. I'm not sure how long I sat there, letting the language wash over me, but the more I read, the calmer I felt. â€Å"What are you reading?† The voice startled me, and the book slid off my lap with a clatter. Katherine stood at the study entrance, wearing a simple, white silk dress that hugged every curve of her body. All the other women at the party were wearing layers of crinoline and muslin, their skin guarded under thick fabric. But Katherine didn't seem the least bit embarrassed by her exposed white shoulders. Out of propriety, I glanced away. â€Å"Why aren't you at the party?† I asked, bending to pick up my book. Katherine stepped toward me. â€Å"Why aren't you at the party? Aren't you the guest of honor?† She perched on the arm of my chair. â€Å"Have you read Shakespeare?† I asked, gesturing to the open book on my lap. It was a lame attempt to change the conversation; I had yet to meet a girl versed in his works. Just yesterday, Rosalyn had admitted she hadn't even read a book in the past three years, ever since she had graduated from the Girls Academy. Even at that, the last volume she'd perused was merely a primer on how to be a dutiful Confederate wife. â€Å"Shakespeare,† she repeated, her accent expanding the word to three syllables. It was an odd accent, not one that I'd heard from other people from Atlanta. She swung her legs back and forth, and I could see that she wasn't wearing stockings. I tore my eyes away. â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?† she quoted. I looked up, astonished. â€Å"Thou art more lovely and more temperate,† I said, continuing the quote. My heart galloped in my chest, and my brain felt as slow as molasses, creating an unusual sensation that made me feel I was dreaming. Katherine yanked the book off my lap, closing it with a resounding clap. â€Å"No,† she said firmly. â€Å"But that's how the next line goes,† I said, annoyed that she was changing the rules of a game I thought I understood. â€Å"That's how the next line goes for Mr. Shakespeare. But I was simply asking you a question. Shall I compare you to a summer's day? Are you worthy of that comparison, Mr. Salvatore? Or do you need a book to decide?† Katherine asked, grinning as she held the volume just out of my reach. I cleared my throat, my mind racing. Damon would have said something witty in response, without even thinking about it. But when I was with Katherine, I was like a schoolboy who tries to impress a girl with a frog caught from the pond. â€Å"Well, you could compare my brother to a summer's day. Y ou've been spending a lot of time with him.† My face reddened, and instantly I wished I could take it back. I sounded so jealous and petty. â€Å"Maybe a summer's day with a few thunderstorms in the distance,† Katherine said, arching her eyebrow. â€Å"But you, Scholarly Stefan, you are different from Dark Damon. Or †¦Ã¢â‚¬  –Katherine looked away, a flicker of a grin crossing her face–â€Å"Dashing Damon.† â€Å"I can be dashing, too,† I said petulantly, before I even realized what I was saying. I shook my head, frustrated. It was as though Katherine somehow compelled me to speak without thinking. She was so lively and vivacious–talking to her, I felt as though I was in a dream, where nothing I said would have any consequence but everything I said was important. â€Å"Well, then, I must see that, Stefan,† Katherine said. She placed her icy hand on my forearm. â€Å"I've gotten to know Damon, but I barely know you. It's quite a shame, don't you think?† In the distance, the band struck up â€Å"I'm a Good Old Rebel.† I knew I needed to get back outside, to smoke a cigar with Mr. Cartwright, to twirl Rosalyn in a first waltz, to toast my place as a man of Mystic Falls. But instead I remained on the leather club seat, wishing I could stay in the library, breathing in Katherine's scent, forever. â€Å"May I make an observation?† Katherine asked, leaning toward me. An errant dark curl flopped down on her white forehead. I had to use all my strength to resist pushing it off her face. â€Å"I don't think you like what's happening right now. The barbecue, the engagement †¦Ã¢â‚¬  My heart pounded. I searched Katherine's brown eyes. For the past week, I'd been trying desperately to hide my feelings. But had she seen me pausing outside the carriage house? Had she seen me run Mezzanotte to the forest when she and Damon explored the garden, desperate to get away from their laughter? Had she somehow managed to read my thoughts? Katherine smiled ruefully. â€Å"Poor, sweet, steadfast Stefan. Haven't you learned yet that rules are made to be broken? Y can't make ou anyone happy–your father, Rosalyn, the Cartwrights–if you're not happy yourself.† I cleared my throat, aching with the realization that this woman who I'd known for a matter of weeks understood me better than my own father †¦ and my future wife †¦ ever would. Katherine slid off the chair and glanced at the volumes on Father's shelves. She took down a thick, leather-bound book, The Mysteries of Mystic Falls. It was a volume I'd never seen before. A smile lit her rose-colored lips, and she beckoned me to join her on my father's couch. I knew I shouldn't, but as if in a trance, I stood and crossed the room. I sank into the cool, cracked leather cushion next to her and just let go. After all, who knew? Perhaps a few moments in her presence would be the balm I needed to break my melancholia.

We Create Our Own Monsters

Woods 1 Taylor Woods Mrs. Eryes Language Arts 3-4 H 16 October 2012 We Create Our Own Monsters Monsters are different for everyone. Some may think monsters are purple, hairy, one-eyed freaks. Others may think they are atrocious beasts with chain-saws and bloody faces out to kill you! But monsters don’t just have to be a literal thing that we can see and feel. Many monsters are figurative, meaning that it’s not an actual real life monster but are features and characteristics made up of our own fears.Many times the things that make a monster scary are because of the traits we give to them from our own fears. Monsters are creatures of our own imagination that help us deal with and reflect our fears and taboos.. The University of Michigan attempts to define monsters. The way they explain monsters is that they are creatures of our own imagination. James Mitchell describes monsters and says that, â€Å"Cultures create and ascribe meaning to monsters, endowing them with their characteristics derived from their most deep-seeded fears and taboos†.What Mitchell is trying to say is that monsters are made up of our own fears. We create the characteristics of the monster based on our fears and taboos. So, for example, when we are younger we are scared of a monster in our closet and under our beds. So, a monster to a young child would be a hairy, colorful creature like a monster from the movie â€Å"Monsters, Inc. †. But as we grow up we don’t fear that type of monster anymore. We overcome those worries. We are then faced with new problems and fears. For example, many teens fear not being socially accepted and people making fun of them Woods 2 nd bullying them – much like Frankenstein, not because the way he looked, but how he wasn’t accepted by anyone because peopled feared him. Monsters don’t just have to be big and scary creatures. They are also figurative just like in the books The Outsiders and Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time. In the book The Outsiders by S. E. Hilton the monster is â€Å"being alone† because in the book they fear being alone because they could be attacked by the Socs. The Socs were the â€Å"cool† and â€Å"popular† kids. They always have each other’s backs and protect one another from the Socs and everything they fear.After Ponnyboy got beat up in the beginning of the book by the Socs you can tell that they are all there for him, â€Å"Our gang had chased the Socs to their car and heaved rocks at them. † In the book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon, Christopher doesn’t like anything he can’t use logic to figure out such as metaphors, jokes, sarcasm. That’s why he even says in his book, â€Å"This will not be a funny book. I cannot tell jokes because I do not understand them. †(Haddon, 8) Christopher fears the unknown and chaos because of his autism.Christopher cannot handle it when there is chaos and people asking too many question, â€Å"He was asking me too many questions and he was asking them too quickly†¦I rolled back onto the lawn and pressed my forehead to the ground again and made the noise that Father calls groaning. † (Haddon, 7) The unknown and chaos are the monsters in this book. Figurative monsters are in all the books even the well-known monster books.. Even most of the classic monsters have figurative monsters in the stories as well. In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelly you would think ‘The Monster’ would be the monster.He still is, it’s obvious, he is a massive, atrocious beast. But ‘The Monster’ actually fears being rejected. He has been rejected by so many people because all they see when they see Woods 3 him is his looks and not any of his personality. Just like when he was learning from his neighbors that he was spying on and decided to go to their house and meet them, and they immediately are frightened and do not accept ‘The Monster’ even though he was not there to harm them. He had very good intensions. When people saw him, they just assumed he was out to cause harm.In Beowulf-poet everyone fears Grendel because he wants to kill Beowulf. This makes Grendael the monster of this story. But just like any other story there is a figurative monster as well. The people in this story fear Grendel’s power to kill whoever he wants, thus making the figurative monster power. But overall, the people of this town fear themselves or loved ones being killed which makes their biggest fear, death, just like in most books. In every story, movie, poem or T. V. show there is a monster. Whether it’s just the antagonist or a classic monster, a monster is a monster.You can always find a figurative monster. What most people fear almost always ends up being the figurative monster. Just like in Frankenstein he fears being rejected, in the Outsiders the y fear being on their own and in the Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time Christopher fears the unknown. In all these books they also all fear one thing in common: death. One of the biggest fears to everyone is dying which makes every monster almost have to do with death. As we know, we create our own monster, by having their characteristics come from our fears.Every monster is different and every person has a different view on monsters. Woods 4 Works Cited Haddon, Mark. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time. New York: Doubleday, 2003. Print. Hinton, S. E. The Outsiders,. New York: Viking, 1967. Print. THe Holt Reader: An Interactive Worktext. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, n. d. Print. Sixth Course. Mitchell, James. â€Å"Introductory Essay to Our Exploration of Monstrosity. † University of Michigan. N. p. , n. d. Web. Aug. 2012. . Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1831. Print.

The Similarities and Differences between Ijarah and Leasing Essay

The Similarities and Differences between Ijarah and Leasing - Essay Example Since the banking crisis around the world, many countries have shifted to an alternate banking system such as the Islamic banking system in which there is a mechanism of sharing profit and loss and using fixed service charges instead of interest charges which eases the pressure on the economy. Some prohibitions and certain guidelines have been drawn by the Shariah law, which makes a clear comparison between the conventional finance system and Islamic finance system. The unlawful charging of the interest, Riba, is the foremost concept that is prohibited by the Islamic Shariah, while it also prohibits gharar, an uncertainty in activities and has made gambling, Maisir, forbidden which makes it to differ from the conventional finance system in which interest is considered to be a common ground. In an Islamic term, Ijarah is an agreement to offer something for a lease, rent, or wage. According to a different meaning in Islamic fiqh, Ijarah is also referred to as a payment offered to a person for the services that were delivered by the same person. However, if the term Ijarah is considered in the setting of Islamic banking, it is referred to as the process of transference of a particular property from one person to another in exchange of a lawful return or rent from the owner. The procedure involves the lawful transference of the asset from the owner to the lessee and ends with the purchase of the leasing object. Ijarah in the context of Islamic banking is known as Ijarah Thumma Al-Bai or Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek, which is a type of leased contract that can only be ended with the purchase of the leased asset. The paper discusses the two concepts relating to the finance system, the convention form of financing system and the Islamic way of financing. Moreover, the paper will discuss the leased contracts based on Ijarah, which is consistently being used by the Islamic institutions. Furthermore, the study will differentiate between the concept of Ijarah leasing and financial and operating leases. The study will also highlight the accounting systems which have been recommended by the Accounting and Audition Organization for the Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Lastly, the paper will give recommendations to conciliate between these approaches. Lease is defined as a rental agreement between the two parties in which the owner of the asset gives rights to the lessee to use the asset, and it would be the responsibility of the lessee to compensate timely and contractual payments to the lessor (Brealey et al., 2006(. There are many benefits in leasing over obtaining external borrowing or purchasing assets by making full payment, and it can benefit in terms of the saving of the taxes, costs associ ated with the use of assets, and mitigation of risks (Ross, Westerfield and Jaffe, 2005). Leasing can create a positive impact as it reduces the cost of financial distress and minimizes the chances of bankruptcy. Even if the lessee occurs to be a defaulter, the lessee would be given a higher priority than a creditor who just borrows money. Leasing generally helps in the sharing of inflation risk, business risk, and residual value risk. The residual value risk is considered to be the risk associated with the market value of the asset at the maturity date which can be transferred from the lessee to the lessor who has the authority to adjust the lease payments to cover the risk. If the lessor can earn an advantage from the secondary market, the lease payments

Questions and answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions and answers - Essay Example This has brought about globalization. The World Economic Forum is mentioned adversely in the article, and this is an indication of globalization in the sense that various companies and world leaders on a global scale have come together so that they are able to chat on the way forward in business operations. This brings out the aspect of foreign trade that has brought about globalization. The author has also outlined about information technology. There has been mention about social media through sites such as Facebook, Twitter and you tube, and mobile telephony and how these have enhanced globalization by connecting people all over the world. The anti-globalization movement was protesting about the negative effects of corporate capitalism. This movement emerged before the global financial meltdown of 2008 according to Tanjka Kovac, a human rights lawyer. About a year before the September 11 attacks, the World economic forum (WEF) was meeting in New York at the World Trade Center and Crown Casino. Thousands of people appeared in the streets marching in protest of the corporate capitalism. This mass warned that corporate capitalism was going to have ill consequences because it was being applied in excess with no control. They were extremely dissatisfied with the trend the world was taking in terms of being too capitalist, hence, masses stormed to the streets to try and pass the message to the delegates who were in attendance at the summit. For example, they argued that many well performing brands continued to exploit people in third world countries so that they would earn profits. Technology has influenced global social movements because, through technological advancements, people are connected and messages about globalization are easily spread. Through mobile telephony and online means, people are connected all around the year. As a result of this, it is now possible